The vegetation affected by rainfall and soils is the piornal and juniper. Meanwhile, mid-mountain areas are dominated by oaks. The oak is the dominant vegetation in the dry mountainous areas of the Sierra de Gádor and Sierra Alhamilla
The semi-arid inland areas are populated mainly by mastic surrounding the main mountain areas. This vegetation is highly degraded and very often results in esparto grasslands.
As we approach the coast and decrease in the altitude, the barren character of vegetation increases. In the depressions of the Campo de Nijar and in the valley of the Almanzora the thorny dominated in its majority are jujubes, which give the landscape a clear desert character.
The fauna of the province of Almeria has a rich biodiversity and wealth. In the Cabo de Gata and Nijar spotlight the fox, the algerian hedgehog, the ocellated lizard and vipers. In Sierra de los Vélez are predominant birds of prey, the lark, the meadow pipit calender, also abound snakes and butterflies highlight the Parnassius Apollo for its endemic condition. In Sierra Nevada and Sierra de Los Filabres are also abundant raptors birds and various mammals protected such as ibex, wild cat and wild boar, among others.
A curiosity about the Mediterranean forest in Almeria is that in ancient times, Almería was full of forests, to the extent that a squirrel could cross it jumping from tree to tree. Now, due to deforestation, many forests have disappeared, and with them, the entire wildlife and diversity.
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